The fundamental unit of life
2) Plasmolysis - Shrinkage or contraction of the protoplasm away from the wall of a living plant or bacterial cell, caused by loss of water through osmosis.
3) Cell organelle – A specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function, and is usually separately enclosed within its own membrane.
4) Genes - A hereditary unit consisting of a sequence of DNA that occupies a specific location on a chromosome and determines a particular characteristic in an organism.
5) Membrane biogenesis – The process of synthesizing the biological membranes.
6) Plasma membrane – The thin, selectively permeable membrane composed of lipids and proteins which surrounds an entire cell and regulates the flow of substances to and from the cell.
7) Cell wall – The rigid, non-living, outer covering of certain cells (like plant and bacteria), composed mainly of cellulose and providing the cell with structural support and protection.
8) Cytoplasm - The jellylike material of a cell that is enclosed within the plasma membrane, except the nucleus and contains the cell organelles.
9) Chloroplasts – The plastids containing chlorophyll which are capable of carrying out photosynthesis in plants.
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NCERT 9 Science